AVGAS 100 is a high-octane, leaded aviation gasoline engineered specifically for spark-ignition, piston-engine aircraft. It delivers exceptional detonation resistance, consistent combustion, and long-term engine protection under high-load and high-altitude operating conditions.
Unlike automotive gasoline, AVGAS 100 is formulated with precise volatility control, uniform composition, and strict impurity limits, ensuring safe and reliable operation across wide temperature and pressure ranges encountered in aviation environments.
Refining & Manufacturing Process
High-purity hydrocarbon selection including alkylates, isopentane, and select aromatics
Controlled distillation with a narrow boiling range (30°C–170°C)
Volatility engineering to prevent vapor lock at altitude
Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) blending for enhanced detonation protection
Final polishing and multi-stage filtration to ensure aviation-grade purity
Key Characteristics
High Octane Rating (100 MON)
Prevents pre-ignition and detonation under extreme cylinder pressures
Supports safe operation at high power settings and elevated altitudes
Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) Content
Provides valve seat protection and enhanced knock resistance
Essential for older and high-compression piston engines
Excellent Volatility Control
Ensures smooth throttle response and consistent fuel-air mixing
Reliable performance during rapid altitude and temperature changes
Clean & Stable Fuel
Low gum and deposit formation
Reduced risk of carburetor fouling and injector blockage
Typical Physical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Typical Value | Operational Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Fuel Type | Aviation Gasoline | Piston-engine compatibility |
| Octane Rating (MON) | 100 | Anti-knock protection |
| Lead Content | High (TEL-leaded) | Engine durability |
| Density @ 15°C | ~0.70 kg/L | Accurate fuel loading |
| Distillation Range | ~30°C – 170°C | Volatility balance |
| Vapor Pressure | Controlled per ASTM | Altitude safety |
| Sulfur Content | Very Low | Clean combustion |
| Aromatic Content | Controlled | Material compatibility |
| Color | Green | Grade identification |
| Appearance | Clear & Bright | Purity confirmation |
| Net Heat of Combustion | ~43 MJ/kg | Energy efficiency |
Storage, Handling & Safety
Stored only in dedicated AVGAS tanks
Tanks must be clean, dry, and water-free
Proper bonding and grounding required
Highly flammable – strict static control essential
Must never be mixed with automotive gasoline or jet fuel
Applications
Primary Uses:
General aviation piston aircraft
Military and defense training aircraft
Vintage and classic aircraft engines
High-compression piston engines requiring leaded fuel
Secondary Uses:
Research and test aircraft
Specialized aviation operations in remote locations
Environmental & Regulatory Considerations
Contains tetraethyl lead and is subject to environmental regulation
Gradual phase-out in some regions in favor of low-lead or unleaded alternatives
Remains essential for engines not certified for unleaded or 100LL fuels
Standards & Specifications
ASTM D910 – Aviation Gasoline Specification
DEF STAN 91-90 – UK Aviation Gasoline Standard
ICAO Aviation Fuel Quality Requirements
AVGAS 100 vs AVGAS 100LL
| Parameter | AVGAS 100 | AVGAS 100LL |
|---|---|---|
| Lead Content | Higher | Lower |
| Environmental Impact | Higher | Reduced |
| Engine Compatibility | Older / High-Compression | Wider Fleet |
| Color Code | Green | Blue |
| Market Availability | Limited | Widely Available |
Key Advantages
Superior detonation resistance
Excellent engine protection
Proven reliability in legacy aircraft
Stable under extreme operating conditions
Designed exclusively for aviation safety