Ethanol-Blended Gasoline is a strategically important transportation fuel produced by blending petroleum-based gasoline with fuel-grade ethanol derived from renewable biomass such as sugarcane molasses, corn, sorghum, or cellulosic feedstock. The blend improves fuel quality while significantly reducing environmental impact.
Ethanol blending is promoted globally to lower carbon emissions, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and enhance octane performance. Common blends include E10, E15, E20, and E85, each tailored to regional engine standards and regulatory mandates.
Fuel Chemistry & Working Principle
Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) is an oxygenated fuel that promotes more complete combustion
Reduces carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions
Enhances flame speed and knock resistance
Allows higher compression ratios in modern engines
Expanded Key Characteristics
Renewable and sustainable fuel supporting circular economy
High octane enhancement (ethanol RON ~108)
Cleaner emission profile with reduced CO, HC, PM, and SOx
Improves energy security and reduces crude oil imports
Compatible with E10–E20 in most modern petrol vehicles
Typical Mechanical / Technical Properties
| Property | Typical Range |
|---|---|
| Ethanol Content | 10% – 85% |
| Research Octane Number (RON) | 91 – 100+ |
| Motor Octane Number (MON) | 82 – 90 |
| Density @15°C | 720 – 780 kg/m³ |
| Oxygen Content | 1.0 – 3.7% |
| Net Calorific Value | 21 – 32 MJ/L |
| Sulfur Content | <10 ppm |
Performance Characteristics
Improved throttle response and reduced engine knocking
Cleaner combustion with lower deposit formation
Slightly lower energy density offset by higher efficiency
Lower blends perform well in cold start conditions
Available Blending Grades
E10 – Widely adopted, no engine modification required
E15 / E20 – Higher octane and emission benefits for newer vehicles
E85 – High-ethanol blend for flex-fuel engines
Storage, Handling & Safety
Hygroscopic nature requires water-free storage
Compatible seals and elastomers required for higher blends
Classified as flammable liquid – strict safety protocols apply
Regulatory & Standards Compliance
BIS (IS 15464 – India)
ASTM D4814 / D4806
EN 228 (Europe)
EPA Renewable Fuel Standard (USA)
Applications
Passenger vehicles and two-wheelers
Light commercial and fleet transport
Agricultural machinery and irrigation pumps
Portable and emergency power generators
Automotive R&D and emission testing
Advantages Over Conventional Petrol
Lower emissions and improved air quality
Higher octane performance
Reduced fossil fuel reliance
Supports bio-economy and energy transition
Regulatory compliance ready