Naval Brass is a high-strength copper–zinc alloy with a small but critical addition of tin, typically containing about 60% copper, 39% zinc, and 1% tin. The tin addition significantly improves resistance to seawater corrosion, salt spray, and dezincification.
Because of its strength, wear resistance, and ability to perform in harsh marine environments, naval brass is widely used in marine hardware, propeller shafts, pump components, heat exchangers, and industrial parts exposed to seawater.
Common Standards:
UNS C46400 (USA)
CW712R / CZ112 (European & International)
Chemical Composition
| Element | Approx. % | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Copper (Cu) | 59 – 62 | Strength, conductivity, corrosion resistance |
| Zinc (Zn) | 37 – 40 | Increases hardness and strength |
| Tin (Sn) | 0.5 – 1.0 | Prevents dezincification, improves seawater resistance |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 0.2 | Improves machinability (optional) |
| Iron & Others | ≤ 0.1 | Grain refinement and performance enhancement |
Key Physical Properties
| Property | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Density | ~8.4 g/cm³ |
| Melting Range | 885 – 900 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity | ~116 W/m·K |
| Electrical Conductivity | 20 – 26% IACS |
| Thermal Expansion | 19 – 21 µm/m·°C |
Key Mechanical Properties
| Property | Typical Range |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 380 – 607 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 172 – 455 MPa |
| Elongation | 20 – 50% |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 100 – 105 GPa |
Microstructure & Metallurgical Behavior
Naval brass has a dual-phase (α + β) microstructure:
Alpha phase – good ductility and machinability
Beta phase – higher strength and hardness
Tin improves corrosion behavior by slowing dezincification and reducing stress corrosion cracking in seawater environments.
Processing & Fabrication
Hot working: Excellent – forging, rolling, extrusion
Cold working: Moderate – workable with proper technique
Machining: Moderate (30–40% of free-cutting brass)
Joining: Good soldering and brazing; welding with care
Available Forms
Rods and bars
Plates and sheets
Tubes and pipes
Forgings
Fasteners and fittings
Applications
Marine propeller shafts and deck hardware
Pump casings, valve stems, and heat exchangers
Bushings, bearings, and wear plates
Marine fasteners and structural fittings
Precision mechanical and aerospace components
Advantages
✔ Exceptional seawater corrosion resistance
✔ High strength with good ductility
✔ Excellent wear and fatigue resistance
✔ Broad fabrication capability
✔ Long service life in harsh environments
Why Choose Naval Brass?
Naval brass is the preferred choice when superior corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and long-term durability are required in marine and industrial environments. It significantly outperforms standard brass alloys in seawater and high-stress applications.