Petroleum Diesel, commonly known as Conventional Diesel or Petro-Diesel, is a middle-distillate hydrocarbon fuel obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil, typically in the 200°C to 350°C boiling range. It is designed for compression-ignition engines where combustion occurs due to high temperature and pressure rather than spark ignition.
Due to its high energy density, strong torque output, and operational efficiency, petroleum diesel remains a core fuel for transportation, construction, mining, agriculture, marine operations, and power generation worldwide.
Production & Refining Process
Crude Oil Distillation
Diesel fraction is separated between lighter fuels and heavier oils
Hydrotreating / Desulphurization
Removes sulphur, nitrogen, and aromatics
Improves emissions performance and fuel stability
Blending & Additivation
Cetane improvers, lubricity enhancers, cold-flow improvers, antioxidants
Quality Testing
Cetane number, viscosity, flash point, sulphur, water contamination
Key Characteristics
High Energy Density
10–15% higher energy per litre than petrol
Compression Ignition Efficiency
Lower fuel consumption and higher thermal efficiency
Excellent Lubricity
Protects injectors, pumps, and valves (enhanced in ULSD grades)
Strong Torque Generation
Ideal for heavy vehicles and industrial machinery
Storage & Handling Stability
Low volatility and extended shelf life
Typical Mechanical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Density @ 15°C | 820 – 860 kg/m³ |
| Cetane Number | 45 – 55 |
| Kinematic Viscosity @ 40°C | 1.9 – 4.1 cSt |
| Flash Point | Minimum 52°C |
| Sulphur Content | <350 ppm (HSD) / <10 ppm (ULSD) |
| Net Calorific Value | 43 – 46 MJ/kg |
| Pour Point | –10°C to –20°C |
| Water Content | <0.05% |
Environmental & Emission Considerations
ULSD grades significantly reduce SO₂ emissions
Compatible with DOC, DPF, and SCR systems
Lower particulate emissions than legacy diesel fuels
Storage, Safety & Handling
Stored in approved steel tanks
Flash point above 52°C – safer than petrol
Periodic water drainage recommended
Available Supply Formats
Bulk tanker supply
Steel drums (200L / 210L)
Jerry cans (20L / 50L)
Direct-to-site delivery
Applications
Transportation fleets and logistics
Diesel generator sets
Construction and mining machinery
Manufacturing and captive power plants
Hospitals, data centers, and infrastructure projects