Synthetic Diesel, commonly known as Fischer–Tropsch (FT) Diesel or XTL fuel, is an ultra-clean paraffinic diesel produced through the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process rather than conventional crude oil refining. It consists almost entirely of straight-chain hydrocarbons, resulting in exceptional combustion efficiency, minimal emissions, and superior engine cleanliness.
FT Diesel can be produced from natural gas (GTL), coal (CTL), or biomass (BTL). Among these, Biomass-to-Liquids (BTL) FT Diesel offers near-carbon-neutral lifecycle performance.
Fischer–Tropsch Production Process
Feedstock Gasification
Natural gas, coal, or biomass converted into synthesis gas (CO + H₂)
Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Syngas reacted over iron or cobalt catalysts to form long-chain hydrocarbons
Upgrading & Fractionation
Produces FT Diesel, FT Naphtha, FT Kerosene, and FT Wax
No crude oil distillation is involved, resulting in exceptional fuel purity and consistency.
Key Characteristics
Ultra-Clean Composition
Sulphur ~0 ppm, aromatics <1%, no metals or ash
Outstanding Combustion Properties
Cetane number 70–80 with extremely smooth ignition
Reduced Engine Noise & Emissions
Minimal soot, injector fouling, and combustion deposits
Mechanical & Physical Properties
| Property | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Cetane Number | 70 – 80 |
| Density @ 15°C | 0.76 – 0.78 g/cm³ |
| Kinematic Viscosity @ 40°C | 2.0 – 3.0 mm²/s |
| Sulphur Content | 0 – 5 ppm |
| Aromatics | <1% |
| Flash Point | >55°C |
| Pour Point | -15°C to -38°C |
| Energy Content | ~43 MJ/kg |
Environmental & Emission Performance
PM reduced by 40–60%
CO reduced up to 30%
HC reduced 30–50%
SOx almost completely eliminated
BTL FT Diesel can reduce lifecycle CO₂ emissions by up to 90%.
Compatibility & Engine Performance
Fully drop-in compatible with all diesel engines
No engine modifications required
Safe for DPF, SCR, injectors, pumps, and seals
Can be blended in any ratio (XTL100, XTL50, EN 15940 compliant blends)
Available Supply Forms
100% FT Diesel (XTL)
Custom FT blends
Bulk tanker supply
ISO tanks, drums, flexi-bags
Applications
Industrial generators and heavy equipment
Commercial transport and logistics fleets
Marine and offshore auxiliary engines
Defence and government fleets
Low-emission urban and smart city projects
Advantages Over Conventional Diesel
| Aspect | FT Diesel | Petroleum Diesel |
|---|---|---|
| Sulphur | ~0 ppm | Up to 10–50 ppm |
| Cetane | 70–80 | 45–55 |
| Emissions | Very Low | Moderate |
| Engine Cleanliness | Excellent | Average |
| Renewable Option | Yes (BTL) | No |
Storage, Handling & Safety
Long shelf life due to oxidation stability
Higher flash point improves safety
Non-toxic, non-corrosive
Compatible with existing diesel infrastructure