Type 2-K Kerosene, commonly referred to as Higher Sulfur Kerosene, is a middle-distillate petroleum fuel refined from crude oil with moderate to high sulfur content compared to Type 1-K kerosene. It is designed for industrial, agricultural, and outdoor commercial applications where ultra-low sulfur levels are not mandatory.
This grade delivers strong heat output, good ignition stability, and effective solvent characteristics, making it a cost-efficient fuel for furnaces, boilers, industrial burners, and cleaning operations. Due to its higher sulfur content, Type 2-K is not recommended for indoor residential appliances or wick-type heaters.
Refining & Production Process
Atmospheric distillation to isolate kerosene fractions (150–300°C)
Partial hydrotreating to remove select impurities while retaining sulfur
Phase separation and filtration to remove water and sediments
Fuel stabilization for consistent combustion and storage performance
Key Characteristics
Higher Sulfur Content (0.30–0.50%)
Produces stronger odor and combustion residues
Not suitable for enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces
High Heat Output
Efficient thermal energy for furnaces, boilers, and dryers
Good Solvent Properties
Dissolves oils, waxes, greases, and bituminous residues
Used for cleaning and degreasing operations
Moderate Volatility
Safer handling than gasoline or light naphtha
Lower evaporation losses during storage
Economical Fuel Choice
Lower refining cost translates into competitive pricing
Ideal for bulk industrial use
Mechanical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Typical Value | Industrial Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Sulfur Content | 0.30 – 0.50% | Higher heat output, lower cost |
| Density @ 15°C | 0.78 – 0.82 g/cm³ | Efficient atomization |
| Kinematic Viscosity @ 40°C | 1.3 – 2.0 cSt | Stable fuel flow |
| Flash Point | 38 – 72°C | Safer handling |
| Distillation Range | 150 – 300°C | Controlled combustion |
| Heating Value | 43 – 46 MJ/kg | High energy efficiency |
| Pour Point | −20°C to −35°C | Outdoor operability |
| Appearance | Clear to pale yellow | Visual purity indicator |
Storage & Shelf Life
Shelf life: 12–24 months under sealed conditions
Store in carbon steel or epoxy-lined tanks
Protect from moisture, sunlight, and pressure buildup
Available Supply & Packaging
Bulk tanker supply (10,000–20,000 L)
Steel drums (200L / 210L)
Jerry cans (20L / 40L)
IBC tanks (1000L)
Applications
Industrial: Furnaces, boilers, kilns, metal forging, bitumen heating
Agricultural: Greenhouse heating, grain dryers, farm equipment cleaning
Commercial: Outdoor heaters, generators designed for sulfur fuels
Specialized: Solvent use, degreasing, blending feedstock
Environmental & Safety Considerations
Higher SO₂ emissions than Type 1-K
Requires adequate ventilation during combustion
Industrial PPE recommended during handling
Regulatory & Quality Standards
ASTM D3699 (Industrial kerosene)
IS 1459 (India – subject to sulfur limits)
Local industrial fuel regulations apply
Comparison: Type 1-K vs Type 2-K
| Parameter | Type 1-K | Type 2-K |
|---|---|---|
| Sulfur Content | <0.04% | 0.30–0.50% |
| Indoor Use | Yes | No |
| Odor & Smoke | Very Low | Moderate |
| Cost | Higher | Lower |
| Industrial Use | Limited | Extensive |