Wrought Iron is a highly refined form of iron with extremely low carbon content, known for its toughness, malleability, corrosion resistance, and excellent weldability.
Unlike brittle cast iron, wrought iron has a fibrous, ductile structure caused by slag inclusions, giving it superior structural integrity and a distinctive grain-like appearance.
Chemical Composition
| Element | Typical Content (%) | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Iron (Fe) | 99.4 – 99.8 | Base metal |
| Carbon (C) | 0.02 – 0.08 | High ductility |
| Slag (FeO–SiO₂) | 1.0 – 3.0 | Fibrous inclusions |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.02 – 0.10 | Residual |
| Manganese (Mn) | < 0.05 | Very low |
| Sulfur (S) | < 0.02 | Controlled |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.05 – 0.25 | Corrosion resistance |
Key Mechanical Properties
| Property | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 200 – 350 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 150 – 250 MPa |
| Elongation | 20 – 40% |
| Hardness | ~120 HB |
| Impact Toughness | High |
| Fatigue Resistance | Good |
Physical Properties
| Property | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Density | ~7.7 g/cm³ |
| Melting Range | 1,480 – 1,530 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity | ~60 W/m·K |
| Electrical Conductivity | Moderate |
| Thermal Expansion | ~12 µm/m·°C |
| Magnetic Behavior | Ferromagnetic |
Key Characteristics
✔ Exceptional forgeability
✔ High ductility and toughness
✔ Excellent corrosion resistance
✔ Superior fatigue crack resistance
Available Forms
Bars and rods
Plates and strips
Decorative sections
Rivets
Reclaimed historic beams
Applications
Architectural gates, railings, and fences
Historic bridges and building restoration
Riveted structures and tie rods
Coastal and marine architectural elements
Advantages
✔ Long service life
✔ Easy forging and shaping
✔ Excellent corrosion resistance
✔ Authentic appearance for restoration
Limitations
❌ Limited availability
❌ Higher cost than mild steel
❌ Lower strength than modern steels
❌ Difficult modern welding
Why Choose Wrought Iron?
Wrought iron is chosen where durability, corrosion resistance, aesthetics, and historical authenticity are more important than high strength.